According to the Bible, the borders of Israel extend from the Sinai Desert (to the south) to the Euphrates River (to the north), passing through southern Lebanon; to the east, they stretch into Jordan (a portion immediately beyond the eastern bank of the Jordan River). To the west, they extend to the Mediterranean Sea. It is therefore clear that the Sinai — currently occupied by Egypt — the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank — currently occupied by the Palestinians — cities such as Madaba and Irbid in Jordan (east of the Jordan River), southern Lebanon, and the Golan Heights, to name but a few, are territories that belong to Israel.

Genesis 15:18–21; Exodus 3:8; Joshua 1:4; Numbers 32:32–33

According to the Bible, the Palestinians are descended from the Philistines, who came out of Caphtor (the island of Crete). Geographically, they occupied the cities along the Mediterranean coast, such as Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Gath, and Ekron. Concerning the end times, the Bible has prophesied divine judgments against these cities (Zephaniah 2:4–7).

Deuteronomy 2:23; Jeremiah 47:4; Amos 9:7; 1 Samuel 6:16–17

According to the Bible, the Ishmaelites correspond to the peoples of Arabia — primarily Saudi Arabia — and a portion of Jordan.

Genesis 25:17–18

A people born of an incestuous relationship between Lot and his firstborn daughter, the Moabites dwelt beyond the Jordan (to the east), opposite Jericho. This territory corresponds to the central region of modern-day Jordan.

Genesis 19:36–37; Numbers 22:1; Joshua 13:32

Like the Moabites, the Ammonites are a people born of an incestuous relationship between Lot and his younger daughter, dwelling in what today corresponds to the northern region of Jordan.

Genesis 19:36–38; Joshua 12:2; Deuteronomy 2:37

Like the Moabites and the Ammonites, the Edomites dwell in what today corresponds to the southern region of Jordan.

Genesis 36:8; Joshua 15:1–3; Deuteronomy 2:1–8

Assyria, with its capital Nineveh, corresponds today to the northern region of Iraq. Assyria was traversed by the Tigris River (Hiddekel), which still flows through Iraq to this day.

Genesis 2:14; Genesis 10:10–12